中国应对CPTPP协定经济影响的政策选择及效果

CPTPP协定是美国退出TPP协定后剩余成员国签订的新区域贸易协定,它为整个亚太经济圈创造了新的供应链机会,而且不久的将来有望建立以CPTPP为中心的价值链系统.CPTPP的区域排他性和可能构建的国际经贸新规则,势必会对身处CPTPP之外的中国造成影响并形成挑战,因此中国需要采取积极措施进行应对.文章使用2018年数据构建了一个包含26个经济体的全球一般均衡数值模型系统,并嵌入价值链和增加值贸易结构,系统量化模拟了中国应对CPTPP政策选择的三类九种情景的经济效果.研究发现:(1)中国单方面采取措施应对CPTPP影响的四种情景下,政策效果从高到低的顺序依次为建设中日韩自贸区、RCEP生效、不采取措施和进一步扩大对外开放.(2)中国加入CPTPP的两种情景下,和第一批扩容国家一起加入协定的措施效果更好,而之后独自加入CPTPP的效果略差.(3)如果美国重返CPTPP,中国的三种政策选择中,经济效果从高到低依次为优化营商环境、不采取措施、和美国一起加入CPTPP.因此,中国应积极考虑以合适的方式加入CPTPP,推动亚太地区的合作共赢与经济发展.     

金融发展、环境规制与经济绿色转型

推动经济绿色转型是"十四五规划"的主要目标之一,经济绿色转型的本质是发展方式变革,环境投资在这一变革中具有举足轻重的作用.在当前财政资金只能覆盖少量环境支出的情况下,激发微观企业自主环境投资需求并缓解企业环境投融资约束成为未来工作的重点,需要进一步推动金融发展和健全环境规制,从而在实体经济供需两端形成绿色转型的合力.基于2004-2015年全国284个城市工业生产、污染防治和战略新兴产业技术创新等数据,文章研究发现,在环境规制未能显著发挥政策效应的情形下,金融发展能协同环境规制促进经济绿色转型.这表现在,金融发展协同环境规制显著提升了城市环境效益但未对城市经济效益产生冲击.机制分析表明,协同作用能促进工业污染治理提升城市资源使用效率,并促进战略新兴产业技术创新推动产业结构转型.上述结论在一系列内生性和稳健性检验中均保持不变.异质性分析揭示,环境信息不对称加剧、市场中介组织发育不完善以及技术创新转化能力弱等显著削弱了协同作用的发挥.因此,提升金融部门资金配置和开展绿色金融业务的能力,注重发挥金融发展与环境规制的协同作用有利于促进经济绿色转型.     

Uncovering asset stripping during China's privatization

This paper empirically studies the occurrence and extent of asset stripping via undervaluing public assets during the mass privatization of state-owned and collectively owned enterprises in China. Using three waves of a national survey of private firms, we provide evidence that state-owned and collectively owned assets were substantially underpriced, indicating the presence of corruption during privatization. Further analysis shows that the extent of underpricing is more severe in regions with less market competition or weaker property rights protection, and more pronounced for intangible assets such as intellectual property rights and land use rights. When comparing firm efficiency between privatized firms and de novo private firms, we find that the former group continues to enjoy considerable preferential treatments, yet significantly underperforms the latter, possibly due to continued government control and intervention. Finally, we provide evidence that insider privatization is an important source of corruption during the privatization process.     

Effect of CSR and Ethical Practices on Sustainable Competitive Performance: A Case of Emerging Markets from Stakeholder Theory Perspective

Journal of Business Ethics - An extensive work has been done on corporate social responsibly practices (CSRPs) that mainly emphasized the larger firms within developed nations. Nonetheless, still...     

When Targets Strike Back: How Negative Workplace Gossip Triggers Political Acts by Employees

Journal of Business Ethics - This study examines why and when negative workplace gossip promotes self-serving behaviors by the employees being targeted. Using conservation of resources (COR)...     

Error analysis of finite difference and Markov chain approximations for option pricing

Mijatovi? and Pistorius proposed an efficient Markov chain approximation method for pricing European and barrier options in general one‐dimensional Markovian models. However, sharp convergence rates of this method for realistic financial payoffs, which are nonsmooth, are rarely available. In this paper, we solve this problem for general one‐dimensional diffusion models, which play a fundamental role in financial applications. For such models, the Markov chain approximation method is equivalent to the method of lines using the central difference. Our analysis is based on the spectral representation of the exact solution and the approximate solution. By establishing the convergence rate for the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions, we obtain sharp convergence rates for the transition density and the price of options with nonsmooth payoffs. In particular, we show that for call‐/put‐type payoffs, convergence is second order, while for digital‐type payoffs, convergence is generally only first order. Furthermore, we provide theoretical justification for two well‐known smoothing techniques that can restore second‐order convergence for digital‐type payoffs and explain oscillations observed in the convergence for options with nonsmooth payoffs. As an extension, we also establish sharp convergence rates for European options for a rich class of Markovian jump models constructed from diffusions via subordination. The theoretical estimates are confirmed using numerical examples.     

Building relationship innovation in global collaborative partnerships: big data analytics and traditional organizational powers

This study examines how relationship innovation can be developed in global collaborative partnerships (alliances, joint ventures, mergers, and acquisitions). The recently emerging theory of big data analytics linked with traditional organizational powers has attracted a growing interest, but surprisingly little research has been devoted to this important and complex topic. Therefore, after developing the theoretical foundations, our study empirically quantifies the links between the theoretical constructs based on the data collected from chief executive officers, managing directors, and heads of departments who work in contemporary global data‐and‐information driven collaborative partnerships. The results from structural equation modeling indicate that the relationship innovation depends on the power of big data analytics and non‐mediated powers (NMP, expert and referent). The power of big data analytics also mediates the correlation between NMP and relationship innovation. However, mediated powers (coercive and manipulative) negatively affect the power of big data analytics and relationship innovation. The interaction effects further depict that analytically powered partnerships have better relationship innovation compared with those which focus less on the analytical power. Consequently, the contributions of this study provide a deeper understanding of mechanisms of how modern collaborative partnerships can use big data analytics and traditional organizational powers to co‐create relationship innovation.     

Understanding precedents for frontline employee turnover in luxury hotels: Emotional intelligence as a unifying factor

Current turnover research fails to serve the needs of an industry that is long plagued by employee turnover. Existing literature focuses more on evaluating bundles of human resource practices and fail to provide precise and clear guidance for practitioners. This study proposes that emotional intelligence (EI) unifies sufficient individual factors and organizational factors that affect employee turnover and serves as a single significant precedent for turnover. Data were collected from frontline employees at eight luxury hotels. The direct, indirect, and total impacts of employee EI on employee turnover were tested by structural equation modeling and bootstrap tests. The results suggest that EI has significant indirect impacts through the mediation of perceived organizational support, pay satisfaction and job burnout, and significant total impacts on turnover. Implication suggestions include integrating EI into the recruiting process for new employees and providing training opportunities for current employees to improve their EI.     

1960—2015年呼伦贝尔草原气温和降水格局变化特征

［目的］利用1960—2015年呼伦贝尔草原区逐日气象数据，分析了该地区这56年来气温和降水的分布与变化规律。［方法］文章采用Mann Kendall非参数趋势检验和Sen′s斜率估计分析了温度、降水变化的趋势和变化速度。［结果］(1）呼伦贝尔草原区过去56年中气温呈现出极显著波动增加的趋势，其中第二季度增温的趋势最明显，年均温增加中值005℃。海拉尔区增温速度为草原区最快，年增加中值004℃。(2）呼伦贝尔草原区这56年中降水呈现出不显著的波动下降趋势，年降水减少中值041mm。其中第三季度降水量显著减少，年降水减少中值092mm，第一、四季度降水量显著增加，年降水增加中值007～023mm。第二季度变化较小。满洲里市降水量极显著下降，下降速度为草原区最高，年降水减少中值125mm。(3）1～5mm降水次数和总降水贡献呈显著增加趋势，年增加中值0102%， 5～30mm降水次数和降水贡献呈现减少趋势，单次降水30mm以上频率很低。(4）历时1～2d的降水是研究区最主要的连续降水类型，独立单日降水呈现不显著增加趋势， 2～3d连续降水呈现不显著减少趋势，连续4d和4d以上降水事件较为罕见。［结论］呼伦贝尔草原区过去56年整体看呈现出暖干化的趋势，年内尺度看降水呈现均匀化趋势，第三季度减少，第一、四季度增加。降水格局表现为分散化趋势，极端降水事件减少，小雨增加； 连续降水减少，单日独立降水增加。     

Rewriting China’s Recent History: Fluctuations in State Economic Control, 1949–1984

China's political and economic systems are often discussed in combination. It is generally believed that under the political system of centralization, the economic system had to be a state monopoly. This article challenges that view by providing an economic perspective. The period 1949–1984 is selected to explore the causes of successive periods of strengthening and weakening of the state's monopoly power over the economy. Scholars have generally assumed that the period of state monopoly originated from socialist ideology or the personal will of the leaders. But economic conditions severely limited the options available. After the new China was established, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) did not try to create a fully socialist economy in the short run. Instead, the CCP formulated a New Democracy platform that pragmatically allowed many types of enterprise to function side by side, including private industry, household ventures, and state‐owned enterprises. The original plan of the CCP was to allow private enterprise to develop in order to build up capital to rebuild the war‐damaged economy so that a strong foundation could be established for creating a socialist economy. But the Korean War from 1950 to 1953 and an influx of Soviet capital caused a shift from a mixed economy to state capitalism by 1956. From that point on, Mao Zedong and other Chinese leaders had to change course again and again as fiscal crises limited available options. A reversal occurred in 1958 when the Soviets withdrew both their advisors and their capital subsidies, leaving the state capitalist system weakened. The crisis in the Chinese economy from 1959 to 1961 required decentralization of economic authority and efforts to promote rural capital formation. The next shift occurred after 1963 as the economy was organized to prepare for a possible military invasion. The required mobilization of industrial resources in remote regions of China inevitably reinforced state management of the economy. The final reversal occurred in the late 1970s, when imports of Western technology and equipment created another fiscal crisis for the central government, which then had to shift the burden of capital formation from the state to private entities. The reform of the rural household contract system, the adjustment of economic structures, and an increase in exports to gain foreign exchange all took place as part of “de‐monopolization” reforms. The reforms that occurred after 1979 were not an aberration or a radical break from the past. They were part of a pattern that evolved from 1949 to 1984, with fluctuations dependent on the weakening and strengthening status of state finances. The shifts that occurred during this period have either been ignored by observers, or they have been misinterpreted as being motivated by ideology. In fact, new policies were created to enable the government to adjust to changes in the internal and external environment.